§Fdalin.d December 19, 2011 [DIALECT Prof. Ver. 1.16] Fda program from David J. Heisterberg (1995). Script for Windows9x, NT, 2000, XP, Vista, 7 and Linux (using wine emulator V. 1.x.y) by Ernst Schumacher Finite Difference program for computation of atomic orbi- tals and energies of atoms up to g orbital occupation. Uses DFT and the Xalpha functional. The model is not spin polarized and non relativistic. §Script for configuring and running an Fda job §Job name is normally just the IUPAC symbol for the atom you want to compute. For ions you may add any number of '+' or '-' signs, e.g. 'Fe+++' or 'S--'. For Z > 110 no symbols have yet been assigned. We don't use the IUPAC notation for those: Enter the Z-values '111' to '120' instead. Restriction: Number of electrons and Z <= 120, so '120-', '121+' are not accepted, while '119-', '120', '120+' are. §[Generate] For this job type you may input Z values from 1 to 120 as 'Job name' in addition to the atom symbols. If you enter one of these and click [Generate] the ground state electron configuration of the neutral atom is automatically entered from internal storage and the job is run. Presently atoms up to Z = 120 are computed. Electron configurations of atoms from about Z = 104 to Z = 120 have not been spectro- scopically determined. The assignment emulates the period above it but takes into account that s-orbitals become more stable because of increasing relativistic contri- butions for the heavier atoms. For atomic ions e.g. 'Ca++', '16--', or 'Hf++++' the parser chooses the electron con- figuration of the atoms with as many electrons less or more while keeping the Z-value. This is, of course, not always correct and less so the higher the (positive) ionic charge which can cause reshuffling of occupied orbital sequences. Since atomic ion ground state distributions have not been stored inside this little script, some 'experimentation' is necessary to produce the most stable electron occupation: Edit the occupation numbers when looking at the presented input file and make a number of calculations with plausible distributions. E.g. for Fe+++ the program suggests, that the energy decreases in the sequence [4s2 3d3] > [4s1 3d4] > [3d5], the last one being confirmed as the sextet-S groundstate of gaseous Fe+++ see [Examples,Tests]. In a spin polarized model several other occupations would have to be considered. §[Inp(ut) ready] If you have an input file 'job'.inp ready, just enter the job name (case insensitive) into the 'Job Name' field and click [Input ready]. §[Read] Fill in your (special) electron configuration into the boxes of the panel, e.g. to generate ions, atoms with inner excita- tions (e.g. K edge energies) or different multiplicities (note: the model is not spinpolarized!). This mode goes up to Krypton. When finished click [Read]. The first two letters of your job name must be the IUPAC atom symbol. §[Output] Fda writes a file documenting the whole calculation along the number of iterations to selfconsistency. This can be viewed with [Output]. At the end of the job a summary of the final results is shown in the editor from where it can be printed. §[Grid] Number of radial grid points for integration §[Plot Density / Orbitals] At job termination Fda generates a dump file 'job'.dmp con- taining columns of numbers representing the (nonlinear) steps of the radius used, the total radial density and all the orbitals computed. The latter are normalized and given as r*R(r) where R(r) is the radial part of the orbital. Clicking [Plot Density / Orbitals] calls the graphical window, next. §Graph Window Density and orbital information is read in from the dump file and can be plotted as soon as the buttons are shown. There are two formats r·R(r) or R(r) available for plotting the radial wavefunctions and their densities (squares). Note, that only r^2R^2 has shell structure, whereas R^2 alone shows a monotonically decreasing density for ground states as r->infinity. The buttons [r-scale -/+] let you change radial axis scale down or up, corresponding to 0.25 ... 16 a0. The ordinate is automatically scaled but can be increased or decreased by a factor of 2 a time by clicking [ampl +/-]. The orbitals can be shifted up (+) or down (-) to see the negative amplitudes better. These plots cannot be saved except via image grabber, e.g. PaintShop. §Help If you need help with Fda script, email me at ernstgj@gmail.com. For information about the fda program: http://www.ccl.net/cca/software/SOURCES/Cpp/atomic-DF/index.shtml